Author: Golovatskaya O.E.
Communicology. 2019. Vol.7. No.2
Golovatskaya Olesya Evgenyevna, postgraduate student of the department of public relations and media policy, RANEPA.
Abstract. This scientific article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of fake news as a new way of misleading the audience. The author examines the meaning and origin of the term «fake news», of its semantic analogue («information hoax»), analyzes existing scientific approaches to the study of this phenomenon, illustrating the conclusions with examples of this phenomenon in the media, social networks and on Internet resources, as well as graphic analytical information - the results of their research, conducted in the course of training and practical exercises using the information-analytical system «Medialogia». The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that the phenomenon «fake news» is still poorly studied and modestly described in the scientific literature, therefore, the author of the article has attempted to analyze the theoretical, etymological and practical aspects of this phenomenon, as well as give his forecast for further development of this phenomenon and the necessary ways to control it, suggest ways to prevent and counter the effects of «fake news» (information hoaxes). The theoretical significance of the research lies in the author’s integrated approach to the object under consideration, which allows to identify the existing gaps in the theoretical and methodological aspect of studying it.
Keywords: fake, fake news, hoax, information hoax, information security, information policy, information space, Internet, media, man, communication, information, information confrontation
Text: PDF
For citation: Golovatskaya O.E. The Meaning and the Origin of “Fake news” Concept. Communicology (Russia). 2019. Vol. 7. No.2. Р. 139–152. DOI 10.21453/2311-3065-2019-7-2-139-152.
References
Allcott H., Gentzkow M. (2017). Social media and fake news in the 2016 election. Journal of Economic Perspectives. Vol. 31. No. 2. P. 211–36.
Baym G. (2010). From Cronkite to Colbert: The evolution of broadcast news. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers. P 214.
Borden S.L., Tew C. (2007). The role of journalist and the performance of journalism: Ethical lessons from «fake» news (seriously). Journal of Mass Media Ethics. Vol. 22. No. 4. P. 300-314.
Chudinov A.N. (ed.) (1894). Dictionary of foreign words that are included in the Russian language. St. Petersburg: Publishing house V.I. Gubinsky (In Rus.).
Conroy N. J., Rubin V. L., Chen Y. (2015). Automatic deception detection: Methods for finding fake news. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology. Vol.52 No. 1. P. 1-4.
Dal V. (1979). Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language: in 4 volumes/ V. Dal, Vol. 2. Moscow (In Rus.).
Golovatskaya O.E. (2018). Fake as a tool of mass disinformation and one of the threats to the information space. In: State administration and development of Russia: challenges and opportunities. Collection of articles of the international conference session. Vol. 3 / ed. G.Y. Ivleva. M.: Publishing House «Scientific Library». P. 810-817.
Golovatskaya O.E. (2018). Information expansion as a hidden threat of the information space and a tool for targeted impact on the target audience (variants of the term interpretation and negative consequences). Communicology (Russia). Vol. 6. No.3. P.105-117. (In Rus.).
Ilchenko S.N. (2015). Fake as a political format in the modern media environment. Humanitarian vector. Series: History, political science. No. 3 (43). Р. 98-100 (In Rus.).
Kucharski A. (2016). Post-truth: Study epidemiology of fake news. Nature. Vol. 540. №. 7634. Kuznetsov S.A. (2000). Great Dictionary of Russian language. Reference edition. SPb.: Norint
(In Rus.).
Lebedeva I.V. (2013). Fake as a sociocultural phenomenon of modern society. Humanitarian Studies. No. 2. Р. 157-165 (In Rus.).
Literary encyclopedia: in 11 volumes (1934). Vol.7. M.: OGIZ RSFSR, State vocabulary-encyclopedic publishing house «Sov. Encycl.» (In Rus.).
Nazaretyan A.P. (2001). Psychology of spontaneous mass behavior. Lectures: PER SE / A.P. Nazaretyan. Moscow (In Rus.).
Newman N. (2017). et al. Reuters institute digital news report 2017.
Pavlenkov F.F. (1907). The dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language is compiled according to the Encyclopedic Dictionary of F. Pavlenkov with corresponding abbreviations in the explanation of words and additions to their number. 2nd ed. S.-Peterburg: Typography Y.N. Erlikh (In Rus.).
Pervukhin A.A. (2012). Theoretical aspects of the concept of «media hoax». Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University. No. 32 (286). Philology. Art criticism. release 71. Р. 82-85 (In Rus.).
Petrs A.L. (2016). The peculiarity of the genre of literary mystification (on the material of the «Book of Veles»): master's thesis in the field 45.04.01 Philology. Barnaul (In Rus.).
Shagalova E. N. (2017). Dictionary of newest foreign words / E. N. Shagalova. Moscow: ASTPRESS (In Rus.).
Silverman C., Singer-Vine J. (2016). Most Americans who see fake news believe it, new survey says. In: BuzzFeed News.
Sorokin Y.S. (ed.) (2001). Dictionary of the Russian language of the XVIII century. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Institute of Russian Language, Leningrad branch, 1984-1991. Issue 12. L.: Science/ SPb.: Nauka (In Rus.).
Tandoc Jr E.C., Lim Z.W., Ling R. (2018). Defining «fake news» A typology of scholarly definitions. Digital Journalism. Vol. 6. No. 2. Р. 137-153.
Communicology. 2019. Vol.7. No.2
Golovatskaya Olesya Evgenyevna, postgraduate student of the department of public relations and media policy, RANEPA.
Abstract. This scientific article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of fake news as a new way of misleading the audience. The author examines the meaning and origin of the term «fake news», of its semantic analogue («information hoax»), analyzes existing scientific approaches to the study of this phenomenon, illustrating the conclusions with examples of this phenomenon in the media, social networks and on Internet resources, as well as graphic analytical information - the results of their research, conducted in the course of training and practical exercises using the information-analytical system «Medialogia». The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that the phenomenon «fake news» is still poorly studied and modestly described in the scientific literature, therefore, the author of the article has attempted to analyze the theoretical, etymological and practical aspects of this phenomenon, as well as give his forecast for further development of this phenomenon and the necessary ways to control it, suggest ways to prevent and counter the effects of «fake news» (information hoaxes). The theoretical significance of the research lies in the author’s integrated approach to the object under consideration, which allows to identify the existing gaps in the theoretical and methodological aspect of studying it.
Keywords: fake, fake news, hoax, information hoax, information security, information policy, information space, Internet, media, man, communication, information, information confrontation
Text: PDF
For citation: Golovatskaya O.E. The Meaning and the Origin of “Fake news” Concept. Communicology (Russia). 2019. Vol. 7. No.2. Р. 139–152. DOI 10.21453/2311-3065-2019-7-2-139-152.
References
Allcott H., Gentzkow M. (2017). Social media and fake news in the 2016 election. Journal of Economic Perspectives. Vol. 31. No. 2. P. 211–36.
Baym G. (2010). From Cronkite to Colbert: The evolution of broadcast news. Boulder, CO: Paradigm Publishers. P 214.
Borden S.L., Tew C. (2007). The role of journalist and the performance of journalism: Ethical lessons from «fake» news (seriously). Journal of Mass Media Ethics. Vol. 22. No. 4. P. 300-314.
Chudinov A.N. (ed.) (1894). Dictionary of foreign words that are included in the Russian language. St. Petersburg: Publishing house V.I. Gubinsky (In Rus.).
Conroy N. J., Rubin V. L., Chen Y. (2015). Automatic deception detection: Methods for finding fake news. Proceedings of the Association for Information Science and Technology. Vol.52 No. 1. P. 1-4.
Dal V. (1979). Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language: in 4 volumes/ V. Dal, Vol. 2. Moscow (In Rus.).
Golovatskaya O.E. (2018). Fake as a tool of mass disinformation and one of the threats to the information space. In: State administration and development of Russia: challenges and opportunities. Collection of articles of the international conference session. Vol. 3 / ed. G.Y. Ivleva. M.: Publishing House «Scientific Library». P. 810-817.
Golovatskaya O.E. (2018). Information expansion as a hidden threat of the information space and a tool for targeted impact on the target audience (variants of the term interpretation and negative consequences). Communicology (Russia). Vol. 6. No.3. P.105-117. (In Rus.).
Ilchenko S.N. (2015). Fake as a political format in the modern media environment. Humanitarian vector. Series: History, political science. No. 3 (43). Р. 98-100 (In Rus.).
Kucharski A. (2016). Post-truth: Study epidemiology of fake news. Nature. Vol. 540. №. 7634. Kuznetsov S.A. (2000). Great Dictionary of Russian language. Reference edition. SPb.: Norint
(In Rus.).
Lebedeva I.V. (2013). Fake as a sociocultural phenomenon of modern society. Humanitarian Studies. No. 2. Р. 157-165 (In Rus.).
Literary encyclopedia: in 11 volumes (1934). Vol.7. M.: OGIZ RSFSR, State vocabulary-encyclopedic publishing house «Sov. Encycl.» (In Rus.).
Nazaretyan A.P. (2001). Psychology of spontaneous mass behavior. Lectures: PER SE / A.P. Nazaretyan. Moscow (In Rus.).
Newman N. (2017). et al. Reuters institute digital news report 2017.
Pavlenkov F.F. (1907). The dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language is compiled according to the Encyclopedic Dictionary of F. Pavlenkov with corresponding abbreviations in the explanation of words and additions to their number. 2nd ed. S.-Peterburg: Typography Y.N. Erlikh (In Rus.).
Pervukhin A.A. (2012). Theoretical aspects of the concept of «media hoax». Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University. No. 32 (286). Philology. Art criticism. release 71. Р. 82-85 (In Rus.).
Petrs A.L. (2016). The peculiarity of the genre of literary mystification (on the material of the «Book of Veles»): master's thesis in the field 45.04.01 Philology. Barnaul (In Rus.).
Shagalova E. N. (2017). Dictionary of newest foreign words / E. N. Shagalova. Moscow: ASTPRESS (In Rus.).
Silverman C., Singer-Vine J. (2016). Most Americans who see fake news believe it, new survey says. In: BuzzFeed News.
Sorokin Y.S. (ed.) (2001). Dictionary of the Russian language of the XVIII century. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Institute of Russian Language, Leningrad branch, 1984-1991. Issue 12. L.: Science/ SPb.: Nauka (In Rus.).
Tandoc Jr E.C., Lim Z.W., Ling R. (2018). Defining «fake news» A typology of scholarly definitions. Digital Journalism. Vol. 6. No. 2. Р. 137-153.
